Understanding fluid behavior in channel systems fundamentally requires differentiating between laminar and turbulent flow regimes. Laminar flow, marked by smooth, parallel layers of substance, arises at reduced velocities and Reynolds numbers. Imagine witnessing a perfectly ordered parade of particles; that's a simplified analogy. Conversely, turbu

While groundbreaking for its time, the Bohr model featured several drawbacks that ultimately proved to be its replacement. One primary limitation was its lack to accurately predict the lines of multi-electron atoms. The model also failed to demonstrate phenomena like quantumbehavior. Furthermore, its deterministic nature conflicted with the inheren